Arthrosis is a chronic joint disease in which joint cartilage is progressively destroyed.As the cartilage is destroyed, changes in the bone that the cartilage and the joint capsule arise.
What does the word arthrosis mean and what are its synonyms?
The term arthrosis comes from the Greek word "arthros" - the joint and the suffix "ozis" - non -inflammatory disease.However, this description is not totally accurate, because with articulation arthrosis, there are some inflammatory changes.In countries that speak English, "our" arthrosis in the vast majority of cases is called arthritis (Arhrithis), that is, inflammatory joint diseases (suffix iis), while we are usually called arthritis, joint damage to rheumatic diseases, an infectious term, purulent damage to joint, etc., sometimes try to correct this discourse contract with the term.term osteoarthritis is most often found (from the Greek words "osteo" - bone, "arthros" - that is, non -inflammatory disease of joint and bones).We heard the question: "At first, arthrosis was diagnosed to me and now osteoarthritis is already writing.Is it really so bad? "In fact, arthrosis and arthritis are synonymous, and their doctors have talked about the same thing.
As we have already observed at the beginning, with arthrosis (osteoarthritis), cartilage is progressively destroyed and bones are gradually involved in the process. With arthrosis in the bone, there is a section of sclerosis (compaction) as a result of the loss of absorbing properties of shock.Then there are notes along the bone edges (exostosis), which are often called by mistake "
Sais deposits
" - In fact, with common arthrosis, there are no salts.depósitos de sais" - De fato, com artrose comum, não há sais de sais. Com um curso adicional da doença, o osso começa a dobrar, deformar, cistos se formar nela: muitas vezes a doença é chamadaArtrose deformadora(osteoarthritis).In old medical books, you can sometimes find the phrase "Arthrosis disfiguring", but now it is almost never used.
Exact causes of arthrosis development have been considered unknown for a long time, so there is another name for this disease - Idiopathic Arthrosis ie, arthrosis, which came for unknown or spontaneous reasons.Obviously, scientists now no longer consider arthrosis as a mystery and the reasons for their development are known.More about the causes of arthrosis, about what primary and secondary arthrosis is below.
Arthrosis more often affects the joints that experience maximum loads (hip, knee, ankle joint, hand joints).Hip articulation arthrosis is called Coxarthrosis (from the word "thigh" - hip), the ankle joint - cruurosteoartrite ("cruuris" - leg), knee - gonartros ("Gene" - knee).In most cases, arthrosis affects the two knee joints, while one of the joints can be more destroyed.In this case, the diagnosis sounds like bilateral gonarthrosis with a predominant damage to the right (or left) right knee joint.
Frequently, not one, but several joints are affected by arthrosis, so they use another term - Polyoteoarthritis Which means the defeat of three or more joints (two symmetrical, for example, both the knee and others).In this case, the diagnosis usually sounds like it follows: polyothesis with a predominant damage to the knee joints (or one of them).
Why does knee articulation arthrosis occur?
Knee articulation arthrosis is different.Depending on the causes of its occurrence, primary and secondary arthrosis is distinguished. Primary knee articulation arthrosis
Articular cartilage is constantly destroyed and updated, and usually these processes are balanced.With age, the cartilage update decreases and the destruction of cartilage, which is called degradation or degeneration, begins to prevail.
A cartilagem articular é constantemente destruída e atualizada, e normalmente esses processos são equilibrados. Com a idade, a atualização da cartilagem diminui e a destruição da cartilagem, que é chamada de degradação ou degeneração, começa a prevalecer.
The process of synthesis and destruction of cartilage is usually balanced.If degeneration begins to prevail, then knee joint arthrosis will begin
In most cases, cartilage degeneration, ie the development of arthrosis, occurs after 45 to 50 years, but sometimes arthrosis can develop in 20 years.Fortunately, the development of arthrosis at such a young age is extremely rare.
People are prone to knee joint arthrosis to a greater or lesser extent.As a rule, if arthrosis occurs, only from 40 to 60 years and, if at 60 there is no arthrosis, it is probably no longer, or rather, arthrosis will be insignificant (certain degenerative changes in the knee joint are found in all the elderly, but they are expressed different). It is important to note that if you carry and make radiography to all older people, for example, 60 years, almost 90%will be signs of arthrosis, but will be arthrosis signs, but will be signs of arthrosisNot all of them feel their knees as problematic.This is especially true for men who are often "severe" arthrosis is not shown or causes a minimum inconvenience.
Primary arthrosis occurs spontaneously, that is, without release factors, so it is called idiopathic, on which we talk earlier.Therefore, we have already found that age is one of the main factors that determine the development of arthrosis, since cartilage degeneration processes begin to prevail with age.Each fourth person over 55 suffers from knee joint arthrosis.But we also observe that, with age, arthrosis does not develop in all.Therefore, there are other reasons.Before listing them, we observe that there is no main and main reason.Knee articulation arthrosis develops in terms of causes, while some play an important role, while others - less.
A artrose primária ocorre espontaneamente, isto é, sem fatores de lançamento, portanto, é chamada idiopática, sobre a qual falamos anteriormente.
Portanto, já descobrimos que a idade é um dos principais fatores que determinam o desenvolvimento da artrose, uma vez que os processos de degeneração da cartilagem começam a prevalecer com a idade. Cada quarta pessoa com mais de 55 anos sofre de artrose das articulações do joelho. Mas também observamos que, com a idade, a artrose não se desenvolve em todos. Portanto, existem outros motivos. Antes de listá -los, observamos que não há razão principal e principal. A artrose da articulação do joelho se desenvolve em termos de causas, enquanto alguns desempenham um papel importante, enquanto outros - menos.
Floor. Most often, women in the knee articulation are suffered by women.The exact reasons for this are unknown, but you may try to explain the following reasons.On average, women's life expectancy is higher than in men and, consequently, the average elderly woman will express more expressed degenerative processes.In addition, body weight in women is on average a little higher.The size of the bone in women is smaller than in men and, along with a higher body weight, this leads to a higher pressure on the knee joint and therefore more intense mechanical destruction of the cartilage.In the overwhelming majority of cases in women, arthrosis begins to appear after the cessation of menstruation and possibly estrogens deficiency determines the development of arthrosis.Note that attempts to treat knee articulation arthrosis in women after ear estrogens are, of course, performed, but so far they are unsuccessful.Obviously, the higher the body weight, the greater the load should be transferred to the knee joints.In addition, overweight reduces physical activity and leads to the weakness of the hip muscles.For a more active synthesis of cartilage, movements (without excess pressure) are required and, with a sedentary lifestyle, cartilage cartridge processes begin to prevail.The hip muscles are important knee joint stabilizers and, with the weakness of these muscles, the movement in the knee joint becomes more painted, which accelerates the destruction of the cartilage.In general, these processes can be described as a vicious circle: the greater body weight, the faster the knee joint is destroyed, the greater pain, the more difficult to move, which again leads to excess body weight.
Peso. Obviamente, quanto maior o peso corporal, maior a carga deve ser transferida para as articulações do joelho. Além disso, o excesso de peso reduz a atividade física e leva à fraqueza dos músculos do quadril. Para uma síntese mais ativa da cartilagem, são necessários movimentos (sem excesso de pressão) e, com um estilo de vida sedentário, os processos de cartucho de cartilagem começam a prevalecer. Os músculos do quadril são estabilizadores importantes da articulação do joelho e, com a fraqueza desses músculos, o movimento na articulação do joelho se torna mais pintado, o que acelera a destruição da cartilagem. Em geral, esses processos podem ser descritos como um círculo vicioso: quanto maior o peso corporal, mais rápido a articulação do joelho é destruída, maior a dor, mais difícil é mover, o que novamente leva ao excesso de peso corporal.
Vicious circle of obesity and arthrosis of knee articulation
On the other hand, only knee articulation arthrosis develops only among complete people - those who have no obesity can also suffer from arthrosis.Again, this is because arthrosis has no reason.
Heredity.It has long been realized that knee joint arthrosis is a "family" disease.If you have arthrosis or your parents, unfortunately, the probability of this disease is high with you.Scientists have discovered many responsible genetic characteristics, for example, the individual characteristics of the main cartridge structure - collagen, but unfortunately, so far these discoveries have no practical meaning because we cannot affect the prevention or treatment of arthrosis.There is evidence that the inheritance of arthrosis is transmitted along the female line, which partially explains its great tendency to this disease. Primary knee articulation arthrosis does not occur just for one reason, but only for its entirety.At the same time, knee articulation arthrosis is in one degree or another in almost all people over 60, but the severity of arthrosis is very different, and not always the arthrosis found on radiography manifests itself.In fact, it is even more difficult: there is no pain in the knee joint in an elderly person or, in addition, at 40 to 60 years old will be accompanied by changes in the characteristic of arthrosis radiography.
For example, scientists found that 76% of elderly people with knee pain in the radiography found arthrosis.Ie there is no pain in the knee joint in an elderly person is necessarily knee joint arthrosis.
Por exemplo, os cientistas descobriram que 76% dos idosos com queixas de dor nos joelhos na radiografia encontraram artrose. Ou seja, não há dor na articulação do joelho em uma pessoa idosa é necessariamente artrose da articulação do joelho.At the same time, among all the elderly with knee joint arthrosis found on the radiography, only 81% will make complaints about pain.That is, existing arthrosis does not always hurt. Strictly speaking, there is no mandatory connection of pain severity with the gravity of knee joint arthrosis on the radiography.It turns out that changes in radiography are completely insignificant, and the pain is strong and the opposite happens: the joint is completely destroyed on the radiography, and a person can ride a bike, get involved in yoga, work like malarus and these cases that we find ourselves almost every day.
More often, knee joint arthrosis begins with the internal (medial) department.The blue arrow marked the external section of the joint and the orange - the interior of the joint.Pay attention to how the gap between bones is from within: cartilage is not visible on radiography, and it is this gap that means cartilage.In this case, there is virtually no cartilage inside the knee joint and the bone is already rubbed into the bone.
With the gradual abrasion of the interior cartilage of the knee joint, the leg begins to bend.Since arthrosis usually affects the two joints of the knee, ie it is bilateral, both legs begin to be twisted and a deformation of the foot in the form of O (Voral deformation).
Less commonly (in approximately 10% of cases), the external parts of the joint are affected by arthrosis and, in this case, X -shaped deformation (valgus) begins.
Com a abrasão gradual da cartilagem do interior da articulação do joelho, a perna começa a se dobrar. Como a artrose geralmente afeta as duas articulações do joelho, ou seja, é bilateral, ambas as pernas começam a ser torcidas e ocorre uma deformação do pé em forma de O (deformação varior).
Menos comumente (em aproximadamente 10% dos casos), as partes externas da articulação são afetadas pela artrose e, neste caso, a deformação em forma de X (valgo) começa.
Obviously, with curvature, the load in internal (o) or external (with x -shaped) deformation variants increases even more, and arthrosis will develop faster and irrevocably.
Arthrosis can start not only in the inner or external section, but also between the knee (patella) and the groove between the femur.This option is called patello-fomoral arthrosis and occurs as a rule due to slope, subluxation of a pattern, side hyperpressive syndrome To which a separate article is dedicated to our site or then Patella fractures , about which you can also read in a separate article.
Secondary arthrosis of knee joint
Knee joint arthrosis can also develop due to specific causes, in this case arthrosis is called secondary.Now we will talk briefly about secondary arthrosis options.
Post -traumatic arthrosis of knee joint. Knee joint injuries, of course, do not add a health board and almost all of them, one way or another, increase the risk of arthrosis.
One of the most common knee joint injuries is the ruptures of menisci, which are dedicated to a separate article on our site.Unfortunately, anyone with the meniscus gap has already been likely to develop arthrosis of all time.If a medial (internal) meniscus is damaged, arthrosis will develop inside the knee joint.And therefore, if the external meniscus explodes, arthrosis will develop in the external articulation of the joint.Note that the rupture of the meniscus does not always necessarily lead to arthrosis, the likelihood of its development.Obviously, the more the meniscus is damaged, the greater the risk of arthrosis.
Another reason for the development of knee joint arthrosis is the ruptures of ligaments, for example, a rupture of the front cruciate ligament.As a result of the rupture of the ligament in the joint, instability may appear, which, of course, will lead to damage to cartilage and the development of arthrosis.Naturally, cartilage damage depends on the degree of instability, which may be different.
A much heavier knee joint injury is a fracture of tibia tibials or femoral condyle fracture if the fracture line enters the joint surface, then this fracture is called intraarticular.Almost any intra -articular fracture is accompanied by a fragment displacement and thus the shape of the joint surface changes.The stage that appears as a result of change inevitably leads to progressive destruction of cartilage and the appearance of arthrosis.Obviously, the heavier a fracture, the greater the intraarticular fracture of the fragments, the more the cartilage is damaged and the risk of arthrosis is greater.After the heavy multi -tibial condyle fractures, arthrosis develops in almost 100% of cases, even despite perfectly performed osteosynthesis surgery (elimination of bone fragments and setting with screws, plates, etc.)